Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• (miniaturised) with the potential for low-cost manufacturing. Optical sensing: fluorescent sensors Optical sensors are light-based analytical devices based on the alteration in the measurement of light wavelengths following the interaction of the analyte with the molecular recognition element (Figure 5

• excitation, for photoluminescence to occur, whether it be fluorescence or phosphorescence. The molecule-bound electron in the fluorescence mechanism absorbs a photon and is activated after the analyte interacts with the molecular recognition element. The transition from the ground state (S0) to the excited

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• structures formed by noncovalent intermolecular/intramolecular interactions of hydrogen bonds, electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydrophobic interactions [52][53][54]. As the construction concept is inspired by natural systems for molecular recognition, supermolecular-based nanostructures have attracted

• easy derivatization. The intramolecular cavities of calixarenes are known to be able to selectively interact with structurally complementary molecular species for molecular recognition purposes. Chirality in calixarenes may derive from binding (at least) one chiral subunit to the rims or asymmetric

• metal. Different from all prior QCM-based chiral sensing systems, no organic coating/recognition layer was used in this case. With this approach, dissipation of the oscillation or detachment of the organic selector layers is avoided, and the signal transfer during the molecular recognition processes is

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• therapy goals in myeloid leukemia. Hence, the design of the nanoscale carriers needs to integrate strategies for extravasation in the bone marrow niches and subsequent specific molecular recognition of the LSC. Current advances in molecular diagnostics offer a glimpse into the molecular profile of each

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• with controllable shape, size and density is urgently required for SERS substrates for molecular recognition. Some researchers have fabricated nanostructures as SERS substrates by using electrochemical oxidation–reduction cycle (ORC) methods [34][35][36][37][38][39]. Generally, sheets of Au and Pt, and

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• applications such as molecular recognition, selective transport processes and the design of supramolecular devices with functional (e.g., electroactive and photoactive) components [85]. “Smart polymers” emerged from supramolecular chemistry provide reversibility of noncovalent interactions that make them

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• thermodynamic stability with respect to the desorption of capping ligands and subsequent particle aggregation [68]. The nature and the length of the spacer aglycon are known to affect the presentation of carbohydrate ligands [84][85][86][87][88][89][90]. This, in turn, determines the molecular recognition of

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• attractive concept in materials science [1][2]. Exploitation of biomolecules and their in-built information for molecular recognition to engineer ordered assemblies and coassemblies of SFMs is termed as molecular architectonics [3][4]. The construction of molecular architectures through the controlled

• properties to construct novel functional architectures in the scheme of molecular architectonics [1][2]. Among all biomolecules, DNA, with a well-defined structure, is the epitome of molecular recognition and a robust system for molecular and materials engineering. The molecular stability, predictable

• sequence specificity, molecular recognition properties, and the formation of regular and defined structures of DNA made it possible to custom the design and to engineer a range of molecular architectures [5][6][7][8][9]. In DNA, two polydeoxyoligonucleotides (single-stranded DNA, ssDNA) are held together

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• biocompatibility, molecular recognition, chemical stability, and ability to be taken up in cells, etc. [55]. It is known that in living cells, both pH and temperature fluctuations are experienced during cellular processes such as endosytosis, gene expression, enzymatic reactions and metabolism [56][57]. Abnormal

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• advancements in sensor technology are no longer limited by progress in microfabrication and nanofabrication of device structures – opening a new avenue for highly engineered, high performing sensor systems through the application of nanoarchitectonics concepts. Keywords: interface; molecular recognition

• integrated connection, and high sensitivity [42][43]. In addition to these nanotechnological advancements in device fabrication, sensing materials for molecular recognition have been continuously explored on the basis of supramolecular chemistry with the aid of synthetic organic chemistry and materials

• . Placing such water-insoluble receptor molecules at a water-contacting interface is crucial to sense water-soluble substances such as important biomolecules. Not limited to this technical requirement, interfacial media have the benefit to greatly enhance molecular recognition capability [146][147

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• . The nanoarchitecture materials can be used for various applications such as molecular recognition, sensors, photodetectors, supercapacitors, supramolecular differentiation, enzyme reactors, cell differentiation control, and hemodialysis. Keywords: film; interface; low-dimensional material

• ]. Although molecular recognition via hydrogen bonding are quite difficult in a highly polar aqueous media, the molecular recognition of sugars [145][146], peptides [147][148][149], amino acids [150], nucleic acid bases [151][152], and nucleotides [153][154] is accomplishable at the air–water interface even

• . Interestingly, sufficiently high binding constants were confirmed even when the hydrogen bonding sites were exposed to the high-dielectric medium at the very vicinity of the low-dielectric medium. These simulations hint at the mechanism of enhanced molecular recognition at these interfaces. The non-polar phase

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• detection limit down to the sub-attomolar (1 × 10−16 M) level and an enhancement factor of 3 × 106 were achieved by using Rhodamine 6G as the analyte. Moreover, this substrate was applied to monitor the molecular recognition through multiple hydrogen bonds in between nucleosides of adenosine and thymidine

• ][58][59]. The SERS substrate was also applied to monitor the molecular recognition through multiple hydrogen bonds between adenosine and thymidine. This paper-based SERS substrate could hold potential in the detection of trace amounts of analytes and for the spectroscopic study of biomolecules

• SERS substrate achieved a remarkable detection limit at the sub-attomolar (1 × 10−16 M) level, which offers an outstanding potential for the detection and analyses of trace amounts of analytes. This active paper-based SERS substrate was employed to detect the molecular recognition through multiple

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• more suitable for photocatalytic reactions; vi) to facilitate percolation in membrane or column designs for the easier separation and collection of products; and vii) to enable molecular recognition in photocatalysis through the well-defined nanopores in the inorganic component. Well-defined nanoporous

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• molecular recognition device based on the nanostructures of metal oxides for biomolecules detection”.

Mismatch detection in DNA monolayers by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Maryse D. Nkoua Ngavouka,
• Pietro Capaldo,
• Elena Ambrosetti,
• Giacinto Scoles,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Pietro Parisse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 220–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.20

• ), where A is the area of the electrode, d the thickness of the ssDNA layer, and ε0 and ε are the dielectric constant of vacuum and ssDNA layer, respectively. When we insert a complementary strand in the electrochemical cell, the molecular recognition between the two strands will cause a change in the

Single-molecule mechanics of protein-labelled DNA handles

• Vivek S. Jadhav,
• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Florian Wruck and
• Martin Hegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 138–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.16

• here demonstrate that handles produced with our protein–DNA labelling procedure are excellent candidates for grasping single molecules exposing tags suitable for molecular recognition in time-critical molecular motor studies. Keywords: DNA handles; optical tweezers; protein labels; single molecule

• double-length dsDNA (2000 bp) are visible, linked through streptavidin (≈5% of the total PDHs) (compare to Figure 1d,e). Characteristic force–extension curve. The biotin bead interacting with the protein moiety by molecular recognition is moved away from the DNA-labelled bead in the trap at a constant

Chemiresistive/SERS dual sensor based on densely packed gold nanoparticles

• Sanda Boca,
• Cosmin Leordean,
• Simion Astilean and
• Cosmin Farcau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2498–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.259

• necessary, e.g., by introducing molecular recognition elements, in order to improve the selectivity of the sensor. Knowledge and technology existing on chemiresistive biosensors on one side and SERS detection on the other, can be commonly exploited for developing advanced dual sensors benefiting from the

DNA–melamine hybrid molecules: from self-assembly to nanostructures

• Rina Kumari,
• Shib Shankar Banerjee,
• Anil K. Bhowmick and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.148

• –organic hybrid; melamine; nanostructures; phosphoramidation; self-assembly; Findings The importance of DNA in the field of nanotechnology stems from the fact that DNA is a macromolecule on the nanoscale with self-assembling properties [1][2]. The molecular recognition through base pairing in DNA makes it

Natural and artificial binders of polyriboadenylic acid and their effect on RNA structure

• Giovanni N. Roviello,
• Domenica Musumeci,
• Valentina Roviello,
• Marina Pirtskhalava,
• Alexander Egoyan and
• Merab Mirtskhulava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1338–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.138

• nucleopeptides (Figure 10), a significant role was played not only by the molecular recognition of complementary nucleobases, but also by the electrostatic interactions occurring between anionic phosphodiester moieties and the cationic residues present in the nucleopeptide structures. It is also interesting to

Probing fibronectin–antibody interactions using AFM force spectroscopy and lateral force microscopy

• Andrzej J. Kulik,
• Małgorzata Lekka,
• Kyumin Lee,
• Grazyna Pyka-Fościak and
• Wieslaw Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1164–1175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.118

• : fibronectin; lateral force microscopy; molecular recognition; torsional forces calibration; Introduction The invention of atomic force microscopy (AFM) opened up new areas of research as it can probe various biological structures with nanometer resolution, including images of DNA [1], proteins [2], and

• measurement as compared to the conventional AFM molecular recognition study. We anticipate that the LFM technique will be useful since it is not limited to proteins or biological samples; however, more experiments are needed to better understand the limitations/advantages of the use of LFM in molecular

• recognition processes. Experimental Proteins Fibronectin from human plasma (Mw ≈ 450 kDa, Sigma) was used in all experiments. The fibronectin was detected by the use of monoclonal antibody against human fibronectin (Mab, Clone FN-15, Sigma), produced in mouse ascites fluid after immunization of the mice with

A versatile strategy towards non-covalent functionalization of graphene by surface-confined supramolecular self-assembly of Janus tectons

• Ping Du,
• David Bléger,
• Fabrice Charra,
• Vincent Bouchiat,
• David Kreher,
• Fabrice Mathevet and
• André-Jean Attias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 632–639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.64

• requires the creation of out-of-plane functions and the full exploitation of the area above the substrate, in order to obtain an exact placement of functional objects in the third dimension above (perpendicular to) the surface. Most molecular recognition processes at surfaces require 3D receptors, and

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• water for weeks. The carbohydrates provide specific molecular recognition sites on cell membranes. The [G-2] Man-coated BNNTs were incubated with the R-mannose-specific receptor Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (Con A). To observe the fluorescence of this complex, they were conjugated with fluorescein

• isothiocyanate (FITC). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were treated with this complex. It was found that the coated BNNTs had specific molecular recognition capability [70]. Glycol chitosan (GC) is widely used due to its biocompatibility and good solubility over a broad pH range [71]. The BNNTs were coated

Sequence-dependent electrical response of ssDNA-decorated carbon nanotube, field-effect transistors to dopamine

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2113–2121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.220

• different bases in ssDNA, it is necessary to investigate the effect of sequence on the FET-based molecular recognition of DA. SWCNT FETs were decorated with homo- and repeated-base ssDNA sequences, and the electrical response induced by DA in the presence and absence of UA was gauged in terms of the

• affinity and specificity of molecular recognition, whereas an electronic route promises faster detection [8][9]. In particular, single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) decoration on SWCNT has garnered tremendous attention because of its selectivity and sensitivity towards a wide range of analytes

• as a receptor capable of specific and selective binding with the target analyte. ssDNA-decorated, individually semiconducting SWCNTs in a field-effect transistor (FET) configuration merge the molecular recognition diversity of ssDNA with the excellent electronic properties of SWCNT to provide a fast

The oriented and patterned growth of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks onto functionalized surfaces

• Jinliang Zhuang,
• Jasmin Friedel and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 570–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.66

• surfaces, which are accessible by guest molecules. Based on this, MOFs have already demonstrated their potential for gas storage/separation [1], heterogeneous catalysis [2], molecular recognition [3], and sensing [4]. Some of these applications, such as gas storage, require the bulk preparation of the

Macromolecular shape and interactions in layer-by-layer assemblies within cylindrical nanopores

• Thomas D. Lazzara,
• K. H. Aaron Lau,
• Wolfgang Knoll,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Claudia Steinem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.54

• adsorbing components, to generate multilayered structures. Different functional materials can be stepwise incorporated by LbL, within a single surface structure by electrostatic self-assembly [3][4], molecular-recognition pairs [5][6][7], or covalent-bond formation [8]. Homogeneous and heterogeneous layered

• molecular recognition of biotinylated-bovine serum albumin (b-BSA) by avidin. Avidin has four biotin-binding sites, whereas the b-BSA used has 13 biotin molecules per protein on average. Avidin with a mass of MW = 66–69 kDa, and which is positively charged at neutral pH, was first adsorbed onto the

• negatively charged surface, followed by b-BSA (MW = 67 kDa) adsorption through molecular recognition. Linear-polyelectrolytes (linear-PEs) self-assembled into multilayers by electrostatic interactions between 70 kDa poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and 50–65 kDa poly(allyl amine) hydrochloride (PAH